Mathematics Grade 8

KLB TopScholar Mathematics Learner's Book for Grade 8 comprehensively covers Concepts in Mathematics outlined in the Competence Based Curriculum Design for Grade 8. 

The course book is intended to develop in-depth knowledge of Mathematics and logical reasoning in the learner. The content covers the following concepts: Numbers, Algebra, Measurements, Geometry, Data Handling and Probability. 

This course book has the following salient features: 
• Activities that involve the learner in the teaching and learning process through discussions with other learners. 
• The activities guide the learner through the simple known-to-unknown approach. 
• Competences including Communication and Collaboration, Critical Thinking and Problem-solving, Imagination and Creativity, Citizenship, Learning to learn, Self-efficacy and Digital Literacy. 
• Extended learning and problem-solving engagements that provide learners with the opportunity to relate and apply lessons learned to the community set up. 
• Clear and crisp illustrations that enrich the learning process. 
• Varied review and assessment exercises that are aligned to Competency Based Assessment (CBA) as designed by Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC) Test and Evaluation Model.

1. Numbers. Integers

Lead	Chapter
1.1.	Identifying Integers in Different Situations. Re­pre­senting Integers on a Number Line Free chapter!
1.2.	Addition of Integers on a Number Line
1.3.	Subtraction of Integers on a Number Line
1.4.	Combined Operations of Integers

2. Numbers. Fractions

Lead	Chapter
2.1.	Combined Operations Involving Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
2.2.	Combined Operations Involving Division, Multi­plication, Addition and Subtraction
2.3.	Combined Operations Involving Brackets, Division, Multi­plication, Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
2.4.	Operations on Fractions in Real Life Situations

3. Numbers. Decimals

Lead	Chapter
3.1.	Conversion of Fractions to Decimals in Different Situations
3.2.	Identifying Recurring Decimals in Different Situations
3.3.	Converting Recurring Decimals to Fractions in Different Situations
3.4.	Rounding Off Decimal Numbers to the Required Decimal Places in Different Situations
3.5.	Expressing Numbers to the Required Significant Figures in Real Life Situations
3.6.	Expressing Numbers in Standard Form in Different Situations
3.7.	Combined Operations on Decimals in Different Situations

4. Numbers. Squares and Square Roots

Lead	Chapter
4.1.	Working Out Squares of Numbers From Tables of Squares in Different Situations
4.2.	Square of Numbers Greater than Ten and Numbers Between Zero and One
4.3.	Working Out the Square Roots of Numbers Between One and Ten from Mathematical Tables
4.4.	Working out Square Roots of Numbers Between 10 and 100 From Mathematical Tables
4.5.	Working out Square Roots of Numbers Greater Than 100 and Numbers Between 0 and 10 From Mathematical Tables
4.6.	Working out Squares of Numbers Using a Calculator in Different Situations
4.7.	Working out Square Roots of Numbers Using a Calculator

5. Numbers. Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages

Lead	Chapter
5.1.	Rates
5.2.	Expressing Fractions as Ratios in Real Life Situations
5.3.	Comparing Two Ratios in Different Situations
5.4.	Comparing Three Ratios in Different Situations
5.5.	Dividing Quantities in Given Ratios in Real Life Situations
5.6.	Working Out Ratios in Different Situations
5.7.	Working Out Increase and Decrease of Quantities Using Ratios in Real Life Situations
5.8.	Percentages. Working Out Percentage Change of Given Quantities in Real Life Situations
5.9.	Identifying Direct Proportions in Real Life
5.10.	Working Out Direct Proportions in Real Life Situations
5.11.	Identifying Indirect Proportions in Real Life Situations
5.12.	Working out Indirect Proportions in Real Life Situations

6. Algebra. Algebraic Expressions

Lead	Chapter
6.1.	Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions in Different Situations
6.2.	Simplification of Algebraic Fractions in Different Situations
6.3.	Simplifications of Algebraic Fractions by Factorisation
6.4.	Evaluating Algebraic Expressions by Substituting Numerical Values in Different Situations

7. Algebra. Linear Equations

Lead	Chapter
7.1.	Forming Linear Equations in Two Unknowns in Real Life Situations
7.2.	Forming Related Linear Equations in Two Unknowns
7.3.	Solving Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by Substitution Method in Real Life Situations
7.4.	Solving Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by Elimination Method in Real Life Situations
7.5.	Applying Linear Equations in Two Unknowns in Real Life Situations

8. Measurements. Circles

Lead	Chapter
8.1.	Working Out the Circumference of a Circle in Real Life Situations
8.2.	Working Out the Length of an Arc of a Circle in Different Situations
8.3.	Calculating the Perimeter of a Sector of a Circle in Different Situations

9. Measurements. Area

Lead	Chapter
9.1.	Calculating the Area of a Circle in Different Situations
9.2.	Working Out the Area of a Sector of a Circle in Different Situations
9.3.	Working Out the Surface Area of Cubes in Real Life Situations
9.4.	Working Out the Surface Area of Cuboids in Real Life Situations
9.5.	Working Out the Surface Area of Cylinders in Real Life Situations
9.6.	Determining the Surface Area of Triangular Prisms in Different Situations
9.7.	Working Out the Area of Irregular Shapes using Square Grids in Real Life Situations

10. Measurements. Money

Lead	Chapter
10.1.	Identifying Interest and Principal in Real Life Situations
10.2.	Calculating Simple Interest in Real Life Situations
10.3.	Calculating Compound Interest Step by Step Per Annum up to Three Years in Real Life Situations
10.4.	Working Out Appreciation
10.5.	Working out Depreciation
10.6.	Working out Hire Purchase in Real Life Situations

11. Geometry Geometrical. Constructions

Lead	Chapter
11.1.	Parallel Lines (1)
11.2.	Parallel Lines (2)
11.3.	Perpendicular Lines
11.4.	Dividing a Line Proportionally in Different Situations
11.5.	Identifying Angle Properties of Polygons in Different Situations
11.6.	Construction of a Regular Polygon up to a Hexagon in Different Situations
11.7.	Construction of Irregular Polygons up to a Hexagon in Different Situations
11.8.	Construction of Circles Passing Through the Vertices of a Triangle in Different Situations
11.9.	Construction of Circles Touching the Sides of a Triangle in Different Situations

12. Coordinates and Graphs

Lead	Chapter
12.1.	Drawing, Labelling and Identifying Points on the Cartesian Plane in Different Situations
12.2.	Plotting Points on the Cartesian Plane in Different Situations
12.3.	Generating Table of Values For a Linear Equation in Different Situations
12.4.	Determining an Appropriate Scale for a Linear Equation on Cartesian Plane in Different Situations
12.5.	Drawing a Linear Graph From Table of Values on Cartesian Plane in Different Situations
12.6.	Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations Graphically in Different Situations
12.7.	Applying Simultaneous Equations in Real Life Situations

13. Scale Drawing

Lead	Chapter
13.1.	Representing Lengths to a Given Scale in Different Situations
13.2.	Converting Actual Length to Scale Length in Real Life Situations
13.3.	Converting Scale Length to Actual Length in Real Life Situations
13.4.	Interpreting Linear Scales in Statement Form in Different Situations
13.5.	Writing Linear Scale in Statement Form in Different Situations
13.6.	Interpreting Linear Scales in Ratio Form in Different Situations
13.7.	Writing Linear Scales in Ratio Form in Different Situations
13.8.	Converting Linear Scale From Statement Form to Ratio Form in Different Situations
13.9.	Converting Linear Scale From Ratio Form to Statement Form in Different Situations
13.10.	Making Scale Drawing in Different Situations

14. Common Solids

Lead	Chapter
14.1.	Identification of Common Solids From the Environment
14.2.	Nets of Common Solids in Different Situations
14.3.	Working out Surface Area of Solids From Nets of Solids in Different Situations
14.4.	Determining the Distance Between Two Points on the Surface of a Solid in different Situations
14.5.	Making Models of Hollow and Compact Solids

15. Data Handling and Probability. Data Presentation and Interpretation

Lead	Chapter
15.1.	Drawing Bar Graphs of Data From Real Life Situations
15.2.	Interpreting Bar Graphs of Data From Real Life Situations
15.3.	Drawing Line Graphs of Given Data From Real Life Situations
15.4.	Interpreting Line Graphs of Data from Real Life Situations
15.5.	Identifying the Mode of a Set of Discrete Data From Real Life Situations
15.6.	Calculating the Mean of a Set of Discrete Data From Real Life Situations
15.7.	Determining the Median of a Set of Discrete Data From Real Life Situations

16. Probability

Lead	Chapter
16.1.	Identifying Events Involving Chance in Real Life Situations
16.2.	Performing Chance Experiments in Different Situations
16.3.	Writing Experimental Probability Outcomes in Different Situations
16.4.	Expressing Probability Outcomes in Fractions in Different Situations
16.5.	Expressing Probability Outcomes in Decimals or Percentages in Different Situations

17. Tables

Lead	Chapter
17.1.	Table of Square of Numbers
17.2.	Table of square roots 1≤ x ≤ 10 (5 significant figures)
17.3.	Table of square roots 10 ≤ x ≤ 100 (5 significant figures)
17.4.	Table of square roots 10 ≤ x ≤ 100 (4 significant figures)