Chemistry Secondary Form 4

Longhorn Secondary Chemistry Series is a revised course developed in line with the curriculum implemented 2003. It fulfils all the goals and targets of the econdary Chemistry syllabus. 

Longhorn Secondary Chemistry Series makes learning Chemistry easier and enjoyable by: 
• presenting the contents in well and logically organised topics which facilitate sequential transition from one concept to the next. 
• presenting Chemistry as a practical subject where learning and development of skills and knowledge is mostly by discovery; way of experimental investigations. 
• emphasising the use of the International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry (IUPAC) system of nomenclature while still retaining some of the commonly used nomenclature for the purpose of guiding in understanding. 
• providing activities, exercises and projects in every topic which help in arriving at the desired logical conclusions. 
• providing well guided experiments with apparatus carefully suggested for each activity. 
• giving chances for self testing through revision exercises and self check tests. • numerous and appropriate illustrations of apparatus and experiment set ups. 

Longhorn Secondary Chemistry Form 4 adequately and appropriately covers the topics outlined in the Chemistry syllabus for Form 4. It is written by highly experienced authors and examiners of Chemistry.

1. Acid, bases and salts

Lead	Chapter
1.1.	Introduction Free chapter!
1.2.	Acids, bases and salts
1.3.	Electrical conductivity of weak and strong acids and bases
1.4.	Characteristics of amphoteric oxides and hydroxides
1.5.	Effects of solvents on acid-base characteristics
1.6.	Salts
1.7.	Precipitation reactions
1.8.	Further tests for specific cations using chloride, carbonate, sulphite and sulphate ions
1.9.	Complex ions
1.10.	Solubility
1.11.	Water hardness
1.12.	Unit summary and revision exercises 1

2. Energy changes in chemical and physical properties

Lead	Chapter
2.1.	Introduction
2.2.	Exothermic and endothermic reactions
2.3.	Energy changes in physical processes
2.4.	Quantitative determination of enthalpies
2.5.	Enthalpy of formation
2.6.	Enthalpy of solution
2.7.	Enthalpy of combustion
2.8.	Enthalpy of displacement
2.9.	Enthalpy of neutralisation
2.10.	Energy level diagram
2.11.	Hess’s law of constant heat summation
2.12.	Relationship between heat of solution, hydration and lattice energy
2.13.	Energy contents of common fuels
2.14.	Pollution of the environment by common fuels
2.15.	Unit summary and revision exercises 2

3. Reaction rates and reversible reactions

Lead	Chapter
3.1.	Introduction
3.2.	Rates of reaction
3.3.	Collision theory and activiation energy
3.4.	Methods used to measure rates of reactions
3.5.	Reversible reactions
3.6.	Effects of different factors on the position of equilibrium
3.7.	Unit summary and revision exercises 3

4. Electrochemistry

Lead	Chapter
4.1.	Introduction
4.2.	Redox
4.3.	Determination of oxidation numbers
4.4.	Displacement reactions as redox reactions
4.5.	Electrochemical cell
4.6.	Electrolysis
4.7.	Quantitative treatment of electricity
4.8.	Application of electrolysis
4.9.	Unit summary and revision exercises 4

5. Metals

Lead	Chapter
5.1.	Introduction
5.2.	Extraction of metals
5.3.	Extraction of metals via electrolytic reduction (Electrolysis)
5.4.	Extraction of metals via chemical reduction
5.5.	Properties of metals
5.6.	Uses of some metals
5.7.	Pollution effects of the industrial production of metals and intervention measures
5.8.	Unit summary and revision exercises 5

6. Organic Chemistry II (Alkanols and Alkanoic acids)

Lead	Chapter
6.1.	Introduction
6.2.	Alkanols
6.3.	Properties of alkanols
6.4.	Alkanoic acids
6.5.	Properties of alkanoic acids
6.6.	Detergents
6.7.	Polymers and fibres
6.8.	Advantages and disadvantages of synthetic and natural polymers and fibres
6.9.	Unit summary and revision exercises 6

7. Radioactivity

Lead	Chapter
7.1.	Introduction
7.2.	Stability of isotopes and other nuclides
7.3.	Radioactivity
7.4.	Nuclear fission and fusion
7.5.	Applications of radioactivity and radioisotopes
7.6.	Polluting effects of radioactivity
7.7.	Unit summary and revision exercises 7

8. Model Test Papers

Lead	Chapter
8.1.	Model test papers A
8.2.	Model test papers B

9. Extras

Lead	Chapter
9.1.	Glossary
9.2.	Appendix